What is the function of the cuticle?

The cuticle serves a vital role in protecting the nail matrix, which is the area where new nail cells are produced. By forming a protective barrier at the base of the nail, the cuticle helps to shield the nail matrix from potential damage due to environmental elements, such as harsh chemicals or physical trauma. When the cuticle is healthy, it helps ensure that the nail growth is smooth and unhindered.

While other options may relate to functions of different parts of the nail structure, they do not accurately represent the primary role of the cuticle. For instance, nail growth occurs at the nail matrix, and while the cuticle helps maintain the integrity of this area, it does not directly influence the growth at the free edge. Protecting the nail bed from bacteria is more the responsibility of the surrounding skin and the nail itself, rather than the cuticle. Additionally, the color of the nail plate is determined by the underlying nail bed and the keratin content, rather than any contribution from the cuticle.