Which harmful organism is capable of spreading throughout the body and causing infection?

Pathogenic microorganisms are harmful organisms that are capable of causing disease. They can invade the body and multiply, leading to infections that can spread throughout different systems. This group includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that have the ability to disrupt normal body functions.

Pathogenic microorganisms have adaptations that allow them to evade the immune system and establish infections, making them particularly significant in the context of healthcare and personal hygiene practices such as those followed by manicurists. Proper sanitation and infection control measures are crucial in preventing the spread of these organisms, especially in environments where skin barriers are compromised, such as in nail salons.

The other options are less relevant in the context of this question. Fungi, while they can be pathogenic, are a specific type of pathogenic microorganisms and do not encompass the broader spectrum of pathogens. Biofilms are clusters of microorganisms that can develop on surfaces, but they don’t necessarily cause systemic infections on their own. Nonpathogenic bacteria are typically beneficial and do not cause disease, making them a poor fit for this question. Hence, the identification of pathogenic microorganisms as the correct answer is appropriate due to their ability to cause widespread infections.